Most of the Katakana my group and I found were loan words on Japanese  products.  I think more onomatopoeia would be found in anime.   
Here are two katakana I found:
1. Loanword, コンピューター, computer, Daily Sun Japanese newspaper
This might be written in katakana because scientific and technical terms  are often written in katakana.  Also, I realize wikipedia isn't always  the best source, but it says, "Katakana were used for telegrams in Japan  before 1988, and for  computer systems—before the introduction of  multibyte characters—in the  1980s. Most computers in that era used  katakana instead of kanji or  hiragana for output." 
2. Loanword, コーラ, Cola, Coca Cola-flavored hard candy 
The purpose of writing this in katakana might be because Cola is a  foreign invention, a foreign word, and a name. Katakana is often used  for transcribing words from foreign languages.
Some words are transcribed into katakana because it does not make sense  to change a foreign name.  It would not have a kanji alternative if the Chinese were not introduced to the foreign word.  The katakana show that the word is foreign or unusual, which  helps readers know that they aren't looking at traditional Japanese  word.
Each textbook is different in explaining katakana because there are  exceptions to why certain words are in katakana.  Some names are in  katakana; some are not.  "Computer" could have been written in hiragana  or kanji (it's not a loanword, name, or onomatopoeia), but somehow it's  in katakana.  Textbooks don't give strict rules for what words are in  katakana because there are none.  In general, most katakana are foreign  or unusual sounding words, onomatopoeia, words for emphasis, or names.
According to Let's Learn Katakana, by Yasuko Kosaka Mitamura, some katakana has replaced disused or complicated kanji.   Mitamura also adds that katakana was used for all computer work until the 1980's, most likely for its legibility and simplicity.  Furniture, companies, animals and plants, and colloquial expressions are sometimes in katakana.  I have deduced that there are many different reasons for writing certain words in Katakana.
 

 
2 comments:
LOL
とてもおもしろいですね!
I found your computer example from wikipedia really interesting.
It's so you!
XD
but I thought computer was a foreign word. O.o
I used some words from that same site. They had some good examples.
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